Studies on the Impacts of Rail Trails around the World

Angus & Associates (2013). Final report: New Zealand Cycle Trail Evaluation – Four Cycle Trail Case Studies. A report prepared for the Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment, New Zealand.

Baker, T. R. (2001). A method to assess the potential value of railway corridors as recreation trails: A case study of three Nova Scotia rail-trails. Masters Dissertation, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada.

Beeton, S. (2003). An economic analysis of rail trails in Victoria, Australia. Bendigo: La Trobe University.

Beeton, S. (2006). Regional communities and cycling: the case of the Murray to the Mountains Rail Trail, Victoria, Australia. Bendigo: La Trobe University.

Beeton, S. (2006). Sustainable tourism in practice: trails and tourism – critical management issues of multi-use trails. Tourism and Hospitality Planning and Development, 3(1), 47-64.

Beeton, S. (2009). Cycling in Regional Communities: A Longitudinal Study of the Murray to Mountains Rail Trail, Victoria, Australia. La Trobe University, Australia.

Beeton, S. (2010). Regional community entrepreneurship through tourism: the case of Victoria’s rail trails. International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development, 2(1/2), 128-148.

Betz, C. J., Bergstrom, J. C., & Bowker, J.M. (2003). A contingent trip model for estimating rail-trail demand. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 46(1), 79-96.

Bichis-Lupas, M., & Moisey, R. N. (2001). A benefit segmentation of rail-trail users: implications for marketing by local communities. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 19(3), 78-92.

Blackwell, D. (2001). The community and visitor benefits of the Otago Central Rail Trail. Paper presented at the NZ Cycling Conference 2001: Transport for Living, Chateau on the the Park, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Blackwell, D. (2002). Community and visitor benefits of the Otago Central Rail Trail, New Zealand. Masters Dissertation, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand.

Bowen, D.S. (2009). Building a trail and connecting a community: the establishment of the Dahlgren Railroad Heritage Trail. Southeastern Geographer, 49(3), 291-307.

Bowker, J.M., Bergstrom, J. C., & Gill, J. (2007). Estimating the economic value and impacts of recreational trails: a case study of the Virginia Creeper Rail Trail. Tourism Economics, 13(2), 241-260.

Bowman, S.A. and Wright, D.C. (2008) Charitable Deductions for Rail-Trail Conversions: Reconciling the Partial Interest Rule and the National Trails System Act. William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review, 32(1), pp. 581-634.

Brown, S.E. (2008) Bikes, trains and problem frames: Framing the Little River Rail Trail. Unpublished Masters Dissertation in Applied Sciences, Lincoln University.

Bruce Ashley Environmental Consulting (1997). Cycleways along railway corridors. Final report to NSW Department of Transport. Sydney: NSW Department of Transport.

Busbee, R. L. (2001). Maximizing economic benefits from a Rails-to-Trails project in Southern West Virginia – A Case Study of the Greenbrier River Trail. Huntington: Marshall University.

Center for Research on Economic and Social Policy (2000). Bicycling and walking in Colorado: Economic impact and household survey results. A report commissioned by the Colorado Department of Transportation, Bicycle/Pedestrian Program. Denver: University of Colorado.

Central Otago District Council (2009) Otago Central Rail Trail: User Survey 2008/2009. Unpublished Report, Alexandra: Central Otago District Council.

Central Otago District Council (2011) Otago Central Rail Trail: User survey 2010/2011. Unpublished Report, Alexandra: Central Otago District Council.

Clarke, A. (1996). Beyond recreation: Trails for transportation and livable communities. Trends, 33(2), 25-28.

Cope, A. M., Doxford, D., & Hill, T. (1998). Monitoring tourism on the UK’s first long-distance cycle route. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 6(3), 210-223.

Cox, Peter. (2012). Strategies promoting cycle tourism in Belgium: Practices and implications. Tourism Planning & Development, 9(1), 25-39.

Crompton, John L. (2000). The impact of parks and open space on property values and the property tax base.

Crompton, John L. (2001). Perceptions of how the presence of greenway trails affects the value of proximate properties. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 19(3), 114-132.

Downward, P., & Lumsdon, L. (2001). The development of recreational cycle routes: an evaluation of user needs. Managing Leisure, 6(1), 50-60.

Downward, P.L., Lumsdon, L. and Weston, R. (2009) Visitor Expenditure: The Case of Cycle Recreation and Tourism. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 14(1), pp. 25-42.

Dowsett, O. (2008). Rural restructuring: a multi-scalar analysis of the Otago Central Rail Trail. Masters Dissertation, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Dowson, B., & Doxford, D. (1997). Planning for recreational cycling—meeting local demand? Land Use Policy, 14(2), 163-165.

Fábos, J.G. (2004). Greenway planning in the United States: its origins and recent case studies. Landscape and Urban Planning, 68, 321-342.

Faulks, P., Ritchie, B. and Fluker, M. (2007) Cycle Tourism in Australia: An Investigation into Its Size and Scope. Gold Coast: Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre.

Faulks, P., Ritchie, B., Brown, G., & Beeton, S. (2008). Cycle tourism and South Australia destination marketing. Gold Coast: CRC for Sustainable Tourism.

Fletcher, K. (2006) A trip down memory trail: 20 years of RTC. Rails to Trails Magazine Spring, 16-19.

Frank, L. & Engelke, P. (). How land use and transportation systems impact public health: a literature review of the relationship between physical activity and built form. Active Community Environments Working Paper #1.

Gobster, P. H., & Westphal, L. M. (2004). The human dimension of urban greenways: planning for recreation and related experiences. Landscape and Urban Planning, 68, 147-165.

Gobster, P.H. (1995) Perception and Use of a Metropolitan Greenway System for Recreation. Landscape and Urban Planning, 33(1-3), pp. 401-413.

Gobster, P.H. (2005). Recreation and leisure research from an active living perspective: Taking a second look at urban trail use data. Leisure Sciences, 27(5), 367-383.

Graham, O. (2004) Otago Central Rail Trail: From Steam Trains to Pedal Power: The Story of the Otago Central Rail Trail. Dunedin: Otago Central Rail Trail Trust.

Hawthorne, T., Krygier, J., & Kwan, M-P. (2008). Mapping ambivalence: Exploring the geographies of community change and rails-to-trails development using photo-based Q method and PPGIS. Geoforum 39, 1058-1078.

Ivy, M.I. & Moore, R.L. (2007) Neighboring Landowner Attitudes Regarding a Proposed Greenway Trail: Assessing Differences Between Adjacent and Nearby Residents. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 25(2), pp. 42-63.

Jellum, C. and Reis, A. (2008) Otago Central Rail Trail economic impact and trends survey 2008 [Unpublished Report]. Dunedin: Otago Central Rail Trail Trust.

Karadeniz, D. (2003). The impact of the Little Miami Scenic Trail on single family residential property values. Master of Community Planning dissertation. College of Design, Art, Architecture and Planning, University of Cincinnati, USA.

Knoch, C. (2011). Paulinskill Valley Trail 2010 user survey and economic impact analysis. Camp Hill: Rail-to-Trails Conservancy.

Knoch, C. and Tomes, P.A. (2006) Pine Creek Rail Trail 2006 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis. Washington: Rails-to-Trails Conservancy.

Knoch, C. and Tomes, P.A. (2008) Perkiomen Trail 2008 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis. Washington: Rails-to-Trails Conservancy.

Koorey, G. (2001). National cycle touring routes: some thoughts on where to go from here. Paper presented at the NZ Cycling Conference 2001: Transport for Living, Chateau on the Park, Christchurch, New Zealand.

Krizek, Kevin J. (2007). Estimating the economic benefits of bicycling and bicycle facilities: an interpretive review and proposed methods. In P. Coto-Millan & V. Inglada (Eds.), Essays on transportation economics (pp. 219-248). London: Springer publishing.

Kulczycki, C. (2002). Perceptions of the Otago Central Rail Trail. Masters Dissertation, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Lamont, M. (2009). Independent Bicycle Tourism: A Whole Tourism Systems Perspective. Tourism Analysis, 14(5), 605-620.

Lamont, M., & Buultjens, J. (2011). Putting the brakes on: Impediments to the development of independent cycle tourism in Australia. Current Issues in Tourism, 14(1), 57-78.

Lamont, M., & Causley, K. (2010). Guiding the Way: Exploring cycle tourists’ needs and preferences for cycling route maps and signage. Annals of Leisure Research, 13(3), 497-522.

Lumsdon, L. (2000). Investigating the needs of the recreational cyclist: the experience of the Peak District National Park. Transport Planning Review, 71(3), 379-389.

Lumsdon, L. (2000). Transport and Tourism: Cycle Tourism – A Model for Sustainable Development? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8(5), 361-377.

Lumsdon, L., Downward, P. and Cope, A. (2004) Monitoring of Cycle Tourism on Long Distance Trails: The North Sea Cycle Route. Journal of Transport Geography, 12, pp. 13-22.

Lumsdon, L., Weston, R., McGrath, P., Davies, N., Peeters, P., Eljgelaar, E., and Piket, P. (2009) The European Cycle Route Network Eurovelo. Brussels: European Parliament.

Maher Brampton Associates (2003). Oakbank to Mt Pleasant railway corridor future use feasibility study. Report prepared for the Adelaide Hills Council. Como: Maher Brampton Associates.

Merom, D., Bauman, A.,Vita, P., & Close, G. (2003). An environmental intervention to promote walking and cycling – the impact of a newly constructed Rail Trail in Western Sydney. Preventive Medicine, 36(2), 235 – 242.

Meschik, M. (2012). Sustainable cycle tourism along the Danube Cycle Route in Austria. Tourism Planning & Development, 9(1), 41-56.

Mike Halliburton Associates & Transplan Pty Ltd (2008). Atherton Tablelands rail trails feasibility study. Report prepared for Queensland Government.

Mills, Judy. (1990). Clearing the path for all of us where trains once ran: Utilizing abandoned rail corridors. Smithsonian, 21(1), 132-134, 136, 138-140.

Mitchell Shire (n/d). Tallarook to Alexandra Rail Trail feasibility study. Braodford: Mitchell Shire.

Moore, R. L., & Graefe, A. R. (1994). Attachments to recreation settings: the case of rail-trail users. Leisure Sciences, 16(1), 17.

Moore, R. L., & Ross, T. (1998). Trails and recreational greenways: Corridors of benefits. Parks and Recreation, 33(1), 68-79.

Moore, R. L., & Shafer, C. S. (2001). Introduction to Special Issue Trails and Greenways: Opportunities for planners, managers, and scholars. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 19(3), 1-16.

Moore, R. L., Gitelson, R. J., & Graefe, A. R. (1994). The economic impact of rail-trails. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 12(2), 63-72.

Moore, R. L., Graefe, A. R., & Gitelson, R. J. (1994). Living near greenways: Neighboring landowners’ experiences with and attitudes toward rail-trails. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 12(1), 79-93.

Morpeth, N. (2000). Diversifying wine tourism products: an evaluation of linkages between wine and cycle tourism. In: Wine tourism around the world: development, management and markets (pp. 272-282): Butterworth-Heinemann.

Morris, H., Bridges, J. and Smithers, R. (2000) Rail with trails: Design, management, and operating characteristics of 61 trails along active rail lines. Washington: Rail-to-Trails Conservancy.

Mundet, L., & Coenders, G. (2010). Greenways: a sustainable leisure experience concept for both communities and tourists. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(5), 657 – 674.

Nelson, C., Lynch, J., Vogt, C., & Woud, A. (2002). Use and users of the Pere Marquette Rail Trail in Midland County Michigan. East Lansing: Department of Park, Recreation and Tourism Resources, Michigan State University.

Nelson, C., Vogt, C., Lynch, J., & Stynes, D. (2001). Rail-trails and special events: Community and economic benefits. Paper presented at The 2001 Northeast Recreation Research Symposium, Bolton Landing, NY.

Nicholls, S., & Crompton, J.L. (2005). The impact of greenways on property values: Evidence from Austin, Texas. Journal of Leisure Research, 37(3), 321-341.

Office of Greenways and Trails (1998). Thinking green: A guide to the benefits and costs of greenways and trails. Tallahassee: Office of Greenways and Trails

Otago Central Rail Trail Trust (2005) The Otago Central Rail Trail means business. Unpublished report, Dunedin: Otago Central Rail Trail Trust.

Otago Central Rail Trail Working Group (2011). Otago Central Rail Trail Long Term Plan.

Pollock, N., Chase, L., Ginger, C., & Kolodinsky, J. (2007). The Northern Forest Canoe Trail: Economic Impacts and Implications for Sustainable community development. Burlington: University of Vermont.

Rail-to-Trails Conservancy. (1998). Rail-trails and community sentiment: A study of opposition to rail-trails and strategies for success. Washington: Rail-to-Trails Conservancy.

Rail-to-Trails Conservancy. (1998). Rail-trails and safe communities: The experience on 372 trails. Washington: Rail-to-Trails Conservancy.

Rail-to-Trails Conservancy. (2000). Rail-trails and liability: A primer on trail-related liability issues & risk management techniques. Washington: Rail-to-Trails Conservancy.

Rail-to-Trails Conservancy. (2000). Rail-with-trails: Design, management and operating characteristics of 61 trails along active railroads. Washington: Rail-to-Trails Conservancy.

Rail-to-Trails Conservancy. (2001). Tunnels on trails: A study of 78 tunnels on 36 trails in the United States. Washington: Rail-to-Trails Conservancy.

Rail-to-Trails Conservancy. (2002). Trails and greenways: Advancing the smart growth agenda. Washington: Rail-to-Trails Conservancy.

Rail-to-Trails Conservancy. (2005). Rail-Trail Maintenance & Operation: Ensuring the future of your trail – a survey of 100 rail-trails. Washington: Rail-to-Trails Conservancy.

Rail-to-Trails Conservancy. (2006). Railbanking and rail-trails: a legacy for the future. Washington: Rail-to-Trails Conservancy.

Rail-to-Trails Conservancy. (2013). America’s rails-with-trails: A resource for planners, agencies, and advocates on trails along active railroad corridors. Washington: Rail-to-Trails Conservancy.

Reis, A., Jellum, C. & Lovelock, B. (2010) Linking the Taieri Gorge Railway and the Otago Central Rail Trail: A Survey of Users Demands [Unpublished Report]. Dunedin: Centre for Recreation Research.

Reis, A.C.; Lovelock, B.; Jellum, C. (2014). Linking tourism products to enhance cycle tourism: the case of the Taieri Gorge Railway and the Otago Central Rail Trail, New Zealand. Tourism Review International, 18(1-2): 71-85

Reis, A.C., & Jellum, C. (2012). Rail trails development: A conceptual model for sustainable tourism. Tourism Planning and Development, 9(2), 133-148.

Reis, A.C.; Jellum, C. (2014). New Zealand rail trails: heritage tourism attractions and rural communities. In Conlin, M. & Bird, G. (Eds.). Railway Heritage and Tourism: Past, Present and Future. Bristol: Channel View. pp. 90-104

Ritchie, B. W., & Hall, C. M. (1999). Bicycle tourism and regional development: A New Zealand case study. Anatolia, 10(2), 89-112.

Ritchie, B. W., Tkaczynski, A., & Faulks, P. (2010). Understanding the motivation and travel behavior of cycle tourists using involvement profiles. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing,

Ross, N. (1996). Otago Central Rail Trail: Who’s using it? Post-graduate Diploma Dissertation, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Runge, C. (2001). Fox River Trail study. Brown County: Brown County Planning Commission.

Ruthven, A. W. (2007). A citizens guide to rail trail conversion. Columbia: Palmetto Conservation Foundation.

Ryder, B. A. (1995). Greenway planning and growth management: partners in conservation? Landscape and Urban Planning, 33(1-3), 417-432.

Searns, R. M. (1995). The evolution of greenways as an adaptive urban landscape form. Landscape and Urban Planning, 33, 65-80.

Siderelis, C., & Moore, R. L. (1995). Outdoor recreation net benefits of rail-trails. Journal of Leisure Research, 27(4), 344-359.

Spencer, D. M. (2010). Segmenting special interest visitors to a destination region based on the volume of their expenditures: an application to rail-trail users. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 16(2), 83-95.

Tiedt, G. F. (1980). From rails to trails and back again: A look at the conversion program. Parks and Recreation, 15(4), 43-47, 69, 81.

Tomes, P.A. & Knoch, C. (2014) Erie to Pittsburgh Trail 2013 User Survey and Economic Impact Analysis. Washington: Rails-to-Trails Conservancy.

Transplan Pty Ltd & Mike Halliburton Associates (2005). Port Fairy to Dennington rail trails feasibility study. Report prepared for Moyne Shire.

Transplan Pty Ltd & Mike Halliburton Associates (2005). Riesling Trail extension feasibility study. Report prepared for The Riesling Trail.

Transplan Pty Ltd & Mike Halliburton Associates (2009). Murrumbidgee Valley Rail Trail feasibility study. Report prepared for the Riverina Regional Development Board and Gundagai Shire Council.

Transplan Pty Ltd & Mike Halliburton Associates (n/d). Riverina Highlands rail trails feasibility study. Report prepared for Riverina Shire.

Troped, P. J., Saunders, R. P., Pate, R. R., Reininger, B., Ureda, J. R., & Thompson, S. J. (2001). Associations between Self-Reported and Objective Physical Environmental Factors and Use of a Community Rail-Trail. Preventive Medicine, 32(2), 191-200.

Turco, D., Gallagher, L., & Lee, K. (1998). Resident attitudes toward rail-trail development. Parks and Recreation, 33(2), 48-52.

Turco, Douglas, Gallagher, Laura, & Lee, Kerri. (1998). Resident attitudes toward rail-trail development. Parks and Recreation, 33(2), 48-52.

Urban Enterprise Pty Ltd (2006). Goulburn River High Country Rail Trail: Concept design and business plan. Report prepared for Mitchell Shire Council, Murrindindi Shire Council and Mansfield Shire Council. Nth Fitzroy: Urban Enterprise Pty Ltd.

US Department of the Interior (1995). Economic impacts of protecting rivers, trails, and greenway corridors: A resource book. N/L: National Park Service.

VanBlarcom, B. & Janmaat, J. (2013). Comparing the costs and health benefits of a proposed rail trail. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure & Events, 5(2), 187-206.

Vuchic V. (1992). Urban Public Transportation. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Willard, P. (2009). Rail trail tourism: a study of the expectations of rail trail cyclists visiting long distance rail trails in Victoria. Bundoora: La Trobe University.

Willard, P., & Beeton, S. (2012). Low impact Experiences: Developing Successful Rail Trail Tourism. Tourism Planning & Development, 9(1), 5 -13.

Wolter, S., Lindsey, G., Drew, J., Hurst, S., Galloway, S. (2001). Cardinal Greenway Trail, Muncie, IN – Indiana Trails Study. Bloomington: Eppley Institute for Parks & Public Lands and Indiana University.

Wolter, S., Lindsey, G., Drew, J., Hurst, S., Galloway, S. (2001). Maple City Greenway, Goshen, IN – Indiana Trails Study. Bloomington: Eppley Institute for Parks & Public Lands and Indiana University.

Wolter, S., Lindsey, G., Drew, J., Hurst, S., Galloway, S. (2001). Monon Trail, IN – Indiana Trails Study. Bloomington: Eppley Institute for Parks & Public Lands and Indiana University.

Wolter, S., Lindsey, G., Drew, J., Hurst, S., Galloway, S. (2001). Pennsy Rail Trail, Greenfield, IN – Indiana Trails Study. Bloomington: Eppley Institute for Parks & Public Lands and Indiana University.

Wolter, S., Lindsey, G., Drew, J., Hurst, S., Galloway, S. (2001). Prairie Duneland Trail, Portage, IN – Indiana Trails Study. Bloomington: Eppley Institute for Parks & Public Lands and Indiana University.

Wolter, S., Lindsey, G., Drew, J., Hurst, S., Galloway, S. (2001). Rivergreenway Trail, Ft. Wayne, IN – Indiana Trails Study. Bloomington: Eppley Institute for Parks & Public Lands and Indiana University.

Wolter, S., Lindsey, G., Drew, J., Hurst, S., Galloway, S. (2001). Summary Report Indiana Trails Study: A study of trails in 6 Indiana cities. Bloomington: Eppley Institute for Parks & Public Lands and Indiana University.

York County Department of Parks and Recreation. (2002). Heritage Rail Trail County Park 2001 user survey and economic impact analysis. New Freedom: Interactive Marketing Solutions.

Zhang, C., Jennings, L., & Aultman-Hall, L. (2010). Estimating tourism expenditures for the Burlington Waterfront Path and the Island Line Trail. Burlington: Transportation Research Center.